All Publications

This page contains links to all articles either published by the Zacharewski laboratory or those that are in press. Wherever possible, a link to the PDF or HTML document is also provided.

Book Chapters

  • Zacharewski, T. R., McCallum, G. P., Stegeman, J. J. and Bend, J. R. (1996) Hepatic cytochrome P450 1A as a biomarker for hydrocarbon and oxidant pollutants in fish: relevance of identification of specific mechanism(s) of induction and potential effects on homeostasis. In Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Transboundary Issues in Pollution-Air, Surface and Groundwater (T. W. La Point, F. T. Price, & E. E. Little, Eds.), American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia. p 165-187.

  • Safe, S. and Zacharewski, T. (1997) Organochlorine exposure and breast cancer. In Etiology of Breast Cancer. Progress in Clinical and Biological Research, Vol 396 (C.M. Aldaz, M.N. Gould, J. McLachlan, T.J. Slaga, Eds.). p 133-146.

  • McCallum, G.P. and Zacharewski, T. (1998) Molecular Toxicology: Applications of Recombinant DNA technology. In Encyclopedia of Toxicology (P. Wexler, Ed), Vol. 2, p 335-342.

  • Zacharewski, T. and Safe, S. (1998) Antiestrogenic activity of TCDD and related compounds. In Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology (K. Korach, Ed.). p 431- 448.

  • Van Der Kraak, G., Zacharewski, T., Janz, D., Sanders, B. and Gooch, J. (1998) Comparative endocrinology and mechanisms of endocrine modulation in fish and wildlife. In Principles and Processes for Evaluating Endocrine Disruption in Wildlife (R.J. Kendall, R.L. Dickerson, W.A. Suk, and J.P. Giesy, Eds.). p 97-119.

  • Zacharewski, T.R., K.C. Fertuck, M.R. Fielden, and J.B. Matthews. 2002. Mechanistically-based assays for the identification and characterization of endocrine disruptors. In Comprehensive Toxicology XIV: Cellular and Molecular Toxicology (Volume Editors: J.P. Vanden Heuvel, W.F. Greenlee, G.H. Perdew, W. Mattes; Editors-in-Chief: I.G. Sipes, C.A. McQueen, A.J. Gandolfi). Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, p.559-582.

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Articles - Published / In Press

1992

  • Zacharewski, T., Harris, M., Biegel, L., Morrison, V., Merchant, M. and Safe, S. (1992) 6-Methyl-1,3,6-trichlorodibenzofuran (MCDF) as an antiestrogen in human and rodent cancer cell lines: evidence for the role of the Ah receptor. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 113, 311-318.

  • Leid, M., Kastner, P., Lyons, R., Nakshatri, H., Saunders, M., Zacharewski, T., Chen, J., Staub, A., Garnier, J. M. and Chambon, P. (1992) Purification, cloning and RXR identity of the HeLa cell factor with which RAR or TR heterodimerizes to efficiently bind target sequences. Cell, 68, 377-395.

  • Reddy, A. P., Chen, J., Zacharewski, T., Gronemeyer, H., Voorhees, J. J. and Fisher, G. J. (1992) Expression of human retinoic acid receptor in the baculovirus-insect cell expression system. Biochemical Journal, 87, 833-840.

1993

  • Harris, M., Zacharewski, T. and Safe, S. (1993) Comparative potencies of Aroclors 1232, 1242, 1248, 1254 and 1260 in male Wistar rats - assessment of the toxic equivalency factor (TEF) approach for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, 20, 456- 463. [PDF]

  • Heery, D., Zacharewski, T., Pierrat, B. , Gronemeyer, H. , Chambon, P. and Losson, R. (1993) Reconstitution of RA-mediated signal transduction in yeast: the requirement of RAR/RXR heterodimers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 90, 4281- 4285. NOTE - Heery and Zacharewski are considered equal first authors.

  • Bondy, K.L. and Zacharewski, T. (1993) ICI 164,384: a control for investigating estrogen responsive genes. Nucleic Acids Research, 21, 5277-5278.

1994

  • Zacharewski, T., Bondy, K.L., McDonnell, P. and Wu, Z.F. (1994) Antiestrogenic effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on 17 -estradiol induced pS2 expression. Cancer Research, 54, 2707-2713.

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1995

  • Zacharewski, T., Berhane, K., Gillesby, B. and Burnison, B.K. (1995) Evidence for the presence of estrogen receptor and Ah receptor ligands in pulp and paper mill black liquor. Environmental Science and Technology, 29, 2140-2146.

  • Ruh, M.F., Zacharewski, T., Connor, K., Howell, J., Chen, I. and Safe, S. (1995) Naringenin: a weakly estrogenic bioflavonoid which exhibits antiestrogenic activity. Biochemical Pharmacology, 50, 1485-1493. [PDF]

  • Safe, S., Washburn, K., Zacharewski, T. and Phillips, T. (1995) Synthesis and characterization of hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) identified in human serum. Chemosphere 31, 3017-3023.

1996

  • Connor, K., Howell, J., Chen, I., Liu, H., Berhane, K., Sciarretta, C., Safe, S. and Zacharewski, T. (1996) Failure of chloro-S-triazine-derived compounds to induce estrogen receptor- mediated responses in vivo and in vitro. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, 30, 93-101. [PDF]

1997

  • Moore, M., Mustain, M., Daniel, K., Chen, I., Safe, S., Zacharewski, T., Gillesby, B., Joyeux, A. and Balaguer, P. (1997) Antiestrogenic activity of hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyl congeners identified in human serum. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 142, 160-168. [PDF]

  • Zacharewski, T. (1997) In vitro bioassays for assessing estrogenic substances. Environmental Science and Technology, 31, 613-623. [PDF]

  • Gillesby, B., Stanostefano, M., Porter, W., Safe, S., Wu, Z.F. and Zacharewski, T. (1997) Identification of an inhibitory dioxin-like response element (iDRE) required for TCDD-mediated suppression of pS2 expression. Biochemistry, 36, 6080-6089. [PDF]

  • Connor, K., Ramamoorthy, K., Moore, M., Mustain, M., Chen, I., Safe, S., Zacharewski, T., Gillesby, B., Joyeux, A. and Balaguer, P. (1997) Hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as estrogens and antiestrogens: structure-activity relationships. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 145, 111-123. [PDF]

  • Fielden, M.R., Chen, I., Chittim, B., Safe, S. and Zacharewski, T. (1997) Examination of the estrogenicity of 2,4,6,2',6'-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB104) and its hydroxylated 2,4,6,2',6'- pentachloro-4-biphenylol (HO-PCB104) and chlorinated, 2,4,6,2',4',6'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB155) derivatives. Environmental Health Perspectives, 105, 1238-1248. [HTML]

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1998

  • Gillesby, B.E. and Zacharewski, T. (1998) Endocrine disrupters: mechanisms of action and strategies for identification and assessment. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry - Annual Review, 17, 3-14.

  • Gould, J.C., Leonard, L.S., Maness, S.C., Wagner, B.L., Conner, K., Zacharewski, T., Safe, S., McDonnell, D.P., and Gaido, K.W. (1998) Bisphenol A interacts with the estrogen receptor in a distinct manner from estradiol. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 142, 203-214. [PDF]

  • Clemons, J.H., Marvin, C.R., Wu, Z.F., McCarry, B.E., Legzdins, A.E., Bryant, D.W. and Zacharewski, T.R. (1998) Identification of estrogen- and dioxin-like activities in urban air particulate material using recombinant receptor/reporter gene bioassays. Environmental Science and Technology, 32, 1853-1860. [PDF] NOTE - Highlighted in Analytical Chemistry (1998) Endocrine Disruptors in the Air, 70, 502A.

  • Desaulniers, D., Leingartner, K., Zacharewski, T. and Foster, W.G. (1998) Optimization of an MCF7-E3 cell proliferation assay and effects of environmental pollutants and industrial chemicals. Toxicology In Vitro, 12, 409-422. [PDF]

  • Twiner, M.J., Hirst, M., Valenciano, A., Zacharewski, T. and Dixon, S.J. (1998) N,N-Dimethylformamide modulates acid extrusion from murine hepatoma cells. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 153, 143-151. [PDF]

  • Zacharewski, T., Meek, M.D., Clemons, J.H., Wu, Z.F., Fielden, M.R. and Matthews, J.B. (1998) Examination of the estrogenic activities of eight commercial phthalate esters. Toxicological Sciences, 46, 282-293.

  • Fail, P.A., Hines, J.W., Zacharewski, T., Wu, Z.F., and Borodinsky, L. (1998) Assessment of polystyrene extract for estrogenic activity in the rat uterotrophic model and an in vitro recombinant receptor reporter gene assay. Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 21(Suppl. 1), 101-121.

1999

  • Gillesby, B.E. and Zacharewski, T. (1999) Determination of pS2 mRNA levels in human breast cancer tumors using quantitative, competitive RT-PCR: correlation with clinical and histological prognostic markers. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 56, 253-265. [PDF]

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2000

  • Matthews, J. and Zacharewski, T.R. (2000) Differential binding affinities of PCBs, HO-PCBs and Aroclors with recombinant human, reptilian (Anolis carolinensis) and rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) estrogen receptors using a semi-high throughput competitive receptor binding assay. Toxicological Sciences, 53, 326-339. [PDF]

  • Fielden M.R.,Wu Z.F., Sinal C.J., Hodgert Jury H., Bend J.R., Hammond G, Balaguer P., and Zacharewski T.R. (2000) Estrogen receptor and Ah receptor-mediated activities of a coal-tar creosote. Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, 19(5), 1262-1271.

  • Charles, G.D., Bartels, M.J., Zacharewski, T., Gallopudi, B.B., Freshour, N.L., and Carney, E.W. (2000) Activity of benzo[a]pyrene and its hydroxylated metabolites in an estrogen receptor reporter gene assay. Toxicological Sciences. 55(2), 320-326. [PDF]

  • Charles, G.D., Bartels, M.J., Gennings, C., Zacharewski, T., Freshour, N.L., Gallopudi, B.B. and Carney, E.W. (2000) Incorporation of S-9 activation into an estrogen receptor transactivation assay. Reproductive Toxicology. 14, 207-216. [PDF]

  • Charles, G.D., Gennings, C., Clemons, J., Zacharewski, T.R., Gallopudi, B.B. and Carney, E.W. (2000) Optimization of an estrogen receptor a transcriptional activation assay for testing a diverse spectrum of chemicals. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 20, 449-454.

  • Matthews, J.B., Celius, T., Halgren, R. and Zacharewski, T.R. (2000) Differential estrogen receptor binding of estrogenic substances: a comparison across species. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 74(4), 223-234. [PDF]

  • Hodgert Jury, H., Zacharewski, T.R. and Hammond, G.L. (2000) Interactions between human plasma sex hormone-binding globulin and xenobiotic ligands in the diet and environment. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , 75(2-3), 109-119. [PDF]

  • Celius, T., Matthews, J.B., Villalobos, S.A., Giesy, J.P., and Zacharewski, T.R. (2000) Quantification of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) zona radiata and vitellogenin mRNA levels using real-time PCR after in vivo treatment with 17 -estradiol and -zearalenol. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , 75(2-3), 109-119 [PDF]

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2001

  • Fertuck, K., Matthews, J.B. and Zacharewski, T.R. (2001) Hydroxylated benzo[a]pyrene metabolites are responsible for in vitro estrogen receptor mediated gene expression induced by benzo[a]pyrene, but do not elicit uterotrophic effects in vivo. Toxicological Sciences, 59, 231- 240 [PDF]

  • Fielden, M.R and Zacharewski, T. (2001) Challenges and limitations of gene expression profiling in mechanistic and predictive toxicology. Toxicological Sciences, 60, 6-10 [PDF]

  • Matthews, J.B., Twomey, K. and Zacharewski, T.R. (2001) In vitro and in vivo interactions of Bisphenol A and Bisphenol A glucuronide, with estrogen receptors and . Chemical Research in Toxicology, 14(2), 149-157 [PDF]

  • Halgren, R.G., Fielden, M.R., Fong, C.J. and Zacharewski, T.R. (2001) Assessment of clone identity and sequence fidelity for 1189 IMAGE cDNA clones. Nucleic Acids Research, 29(2), 582-588 [PDF]
    NOTE - Highlighted in Nature, 410 (April 19). When the chips are down. 860-861. [PDF] [Supplementary Data]

  • Fielden, M.R., Halgren, R.G., Tashiro, C.H.M., Yeo, B.R., Chittim, B., Chou, K. and Zacharewski, T.R. (2001) Effects of gestational and lactational exposure to Aroclor 1242 on testis size and sperm quality in early adult and middle-age mice. Reproductive Toxicology, 15, 281-292 [PDF]

  • Fertuck, K.C., Kumar, S., Sikka, H.C., Matthews, J.B. and Zacharewski, T. (2001) Interaction of PAH-related compounds with the and isoforms of the estrogen receptor. Toxicology Letters, 121, 167-177 [PDF]

  • Matthews, J.B., Clemons, J.H. and Zacharewski, T. (2001) Reciprocal mutagenesis between human (L349, M528) and rainbow trout (M317, I496) estrogen receptor residues demonstrates their importance in ligand binding and gene expression at different temperatures. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 183(1-2), 167-177 [PDF]

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2002

  • Fielden, M.R., Fertuck, K.C., Matthews, J.B., Halgren, R. and Zacharewski, T (2002) In silico approaches to mechanistic and predictive toxicology: an introduction to bioinformatics for toxicologists. Critical Reviews in Toxicology. 32(2), 67-112 [PDF]

  • Fielden, M.R., Halgren, R.G., Dere, E. and Zacharewski, T. (2002) GP3: GenePix post-processing script for the automated analysis of raw microarray image output files. Bioinformatics. 18(5), 771-773. [PDF]

  • Charles, G.D., Gennings, C., Zacharewski, T., Gollapudi B.B. and Carney, E. (2002) An Approach for Assessing Estrogen Receptor-Mediated Interactions in Mixtures of Three Chemicals: A Pilot Study. Toxicological Sciences. 68, 349-360. [PDF]

  • Fielden, M.R., Halgren, R.G., Fong, C.J., Staub, C., Johnson, L., Chou, K. and Zacharewski, T. (2002) Gestational and Lactational Exposure of Male Mice to Diethylstilbestrol Causes Long-Term Effects on the Testis, Sperm Fertilizing Ability in Vitro, and Testicular Gene Expression. Endocrinology. 143(8), 3044-3059. [PDF] [Supplementary Data]

  • Fielden, M.R., Fong, C.J., Haslam, S.Z. and Zacharewski, T. (2002) Normal mammary gland morphology in pubertal female mice following in utero and lactational exposure to genistein at levels comparable to human dietary exposure . Toxicology Letters. 133, 181-191. [PDF]

  • Charles, G.D., Gennings, C., Zacharewski, T., Gollapudi, B.B. and Carney, E.W. (2002) Assessment of Interactions of Diverse Ternary Mixtures in an Estrogen Receptor-α Reporter Assay. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 180, 11-21. [PDF]

  • Rosen, G., O'Bryant, E., Matthews,J., Zacharewski, T. and Wade, J. (2002) Distribution of Androgen Receptor mRNA Expression and Immunoreactivity in the Brain of the Green Anole Lizard. Journal of Neuroendocrinology. 14(1), 19-28. [PDF]

  • Matthews, J.B., K.C. Fertuck, T. Celius, Y.W. Huang, C.J. Fong and T.R. Zacharewski. 2002. Ability of structurally diverse natural products and synthetic chemicals to induce gene expression mediated by estrogen receptors from various species. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 82 (2), 181-194. [PDF]

  • Kavlock, R., Boekelheide, K., Chapin, R., Cunningham, M., Faustman, E., Foster, P., Golub, M., Henderson, Hinberg, I.,Little, R., Seed, J., Shea, K., Tabacova, S., Tyl, R., Williams, P., Zacharewski, T. (2002) NTP Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction: phthalates expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of di-n-octyl phthalate. Reproductive Toxicology. 16(5), 721-734.

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2003

  • Fertuck, K.C., Eckel, J.E., Gennings, C., Zacharewski, T.R. (2003) Identification of temporal patterns of gene expression in the uteri of immature, ovariectomized mice following exposure to ethynylestradiol. Physiological Genomics. 15(2), 127-141. [PDF] [Supplementary Data]

  • Cunningham, M.L., Bogdanffy, M.S., Zacharewski, T.R., Hines, R.N. (2003) Workshop overview: use of genomic data in risk assessment. Toxicological Sciences. 73(2), 209-215. [PDF]

  • Fielden, M.R., Samy, S.M., Chou, K.C., Zacharewski, T.R. (2003) Effect of human dietary exposure levels of genistein during gestation and lactation on long-term reproductive development and sperm quality in mice. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 41(4), 447-454. [PDF]

  • Lash, L.H., Hines, R.N., Gonzalez, F.J., Zacharewski, T.R., Rothstein, M.A. (2003) Genetics and Susceptibility to Toxic Chemicals: Do You (or Should You) Know Your Genetic Profile? The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 305(2), 403-409. [PDF]

2004

  • Eckel J.E., Gennings C., Chinchilli V.M., Burgoon L.D., Zacharewski T.R. (2004) Empirical Bayes gene screening tool for time-course or dose–response microarray data. Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics. 14(3), 647-670. [PDF]

  • Boverhof D.R, Tam E., Harney A.S., Crawford R.B., Kaminski N.E., Zacharewski T.R. (2004) 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induces suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 in murine B cells. Molecular Pharmacology. 66, 1662-1670. [PDF]

  • Sun Y.V., Boverhof D.R., Burgoon L.D., Fielden M.R., Zacharewski T.R. (2004) Comparative analysis of dioxin response elements in human, mouse and rat genomic sequences. Nucleic Acids Research. 32(15), 4512-4523. [PDF] [Supplementary Data]

  • Boverhof, D.R., Fertuck, K.C., Burgoon, L.D., Eckel, J.E., Gennings, C., Zacharewski, T.R. (2004) Temporal and dose-dependent hepatic gene expression changes in immature ovariectomized mice following exposure to ethynyl estradiol. Carcinogenesis. 25(7), 1277-1291. [PDF] [Supplementary Data]

  • Luyendyk, J.P., Mattes, W.B., Burgoon, L.D., Zacharewski, T.R., Maddox, J.F., Cosma, G.N., Ganey, P.E., Roth, R.A. (2004) Gene Expression Analysis Points to Hemostasis in Livers of Rats Cotreated with Lipopolysaccharide and Ranitidine. Toxicological Sciences. 80, 203-213. [PDF]

  • Yoo, B.S., Boverhof, D.R., Shnaider, D., Crawford, R.B., Zacharewski, T.R., Kaminski, N.E. (2004) 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) alters the regulation of Pax5 in lipopolysaccharide-activated B cells. Toxicological Sciences. 77(2), 272-279. [PDF]

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2005

  • Burgoon, L.D., Eckel-Passow, J.E., Gennings, C., Boverhof, D.R., Burt, J.W., Fong, C.J., Zacharewski, T.R. (2005) Protocols for the Assurance of Microarray Data Quality and Process Control. Nucleic Acids Research. 33(19): e172 [PDF]

  • Boverhof DR, Burgoon LD, Tashiro C, Chittim B, Harkema JR, Jump DB, Zacharewski TR. (2005) Temporal and dose-dependent hepatic gene expression patterns in mice provide new insights into TCDD-Mediated hepatotoxicity. Toxicological Sciences. 85(2), 1048-1063. [PDF]
  • Fong, C.J., Burgoon, L.D., Zacharewski, T.R. (2005) Comparative Microarray Analysis of Basal Gene Expression in Mouse Hepa-1c1c7 Wild-type and Mutant Cell Lines. Toxicological Sciences. 86(2), 342-353. [PDF] [Supplementary Data]
  • Eckel J.E., Gennings C., Therneau T.M., Burgoon, L.D., Boverhof D.R., Zacharewski T.R. (2004) Normalization of Two-Channel Microarray Experiments: A Semiparametric Approach. Bioinformatics. 21(7), 1078-1083. [PDF]

In Press

  • Kwekel JC, Burgoon LD, Burt JW, Dalgleish HA, Harkema JR, Zacharewski TR. (2005) A Cross-Species Analysis of the Rodent Uterotrophic Program: Elucidation of Conserved Responses and Mechanisms of Estrogen Signaling. Physiological Genomics. In Press. [PDF] [Supplementary Data]

In Submission

  • Burgoon, L.D., Fong, C.J., Eckel-Passow, J.E., Gennings, C., Zacharewski, T.R. (2005) An Empirical Comparison of Genomic Experimental Designs for Temporal Studies. Bioinformatics. In Submission. [PDF]

Conference Proceedings

  • Balaguer, P., Joyeux, A. M., Denison, M.S., Vincent, R., Gillesby, B. and Zacharewski, T. (1996) Assessing the estrogenic and dioxin-like activities of chemicals and complex mixtures using in vitro recombinant receptor/reporter gene assays. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 74, 216-222.

  • Zacharewski, T., Campbell, P.M., Routledge, E., Cooper, R., Huet, M.-C., Kime, D. and Wenzel, A. (1997) Current approaches for the use of in vitro tests in identifying the hazards of endocrine modulating chemicals to wildlife. In SETAC-Europe/OECD/EC Expert Workshop on Endocrine Modulators and Wildlife: Assessment and Testing (EMWAT) , (L. Tattersfield, P. Matthiessen, P. Campbell, N. Grandy, R. Lange, Eds.), SETAC-Europe Publication, Brussels. p41- 58.

  • Gray, L.E., Kelce, W.R., Wiese, T., Tyl, R., Gaido, K., Cook, J., Klinefelter, G., Desaulniers, D., Wilson, E., Zacharewski, T., Waller, C., Foster, P., Laskey, J., Reel, J., Giesy, J., Breslin, W., Cooper, R., Di Giulio, R., Welshons, W., Miller, R., Safe, S., McLachlan, J., McMaster, S., Colborn, T. (1997) Endocrine screening methods workshop report: detection of estrogenic and androgenic hormonal and antihormonal activity for chemicals that act via receptor or steroidogenic enzyme mechanisms. Reproductive Toxicology, 11, 719-750. [PDF]

  • Ankley, G., Mihaich, E., Stahl, R., Tillitt, D., Colborn, T., McMaster, S., Miller, R., Bantle, J., Campbell, P., Denslow, N., Dickerson, R., Folmar, L., Fry, M., Giesy, J., Gray, L.E., Guiney, P., Hutchinson, T., Kennedy, S., Kramer, V., LeBlanc, G., Mayes, M., Nimrod, A., Patino, R., Peterson, R., Purdy, R., Ringer, R., Thomas, P., Touart, L., Van Der Kraak, G., Zacharewski, T. (1998) Overview of a workshop on screening methods for detecting potential (anti-) estrogenic/androgenic chemicals in wildlife. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry - Annual Review. 17, 68-87.

  • Spielmann, H., Bochkov, N.P., Costa, L., Gribaldo, L., Guillouzo, A., Hiendel, J.J., Karol, M., Parchment, R., Pfaller, W., Peraita, P.P. and Zacharewski, T. (1998) Alternative testing methodologies for organ toxicity. Environmental Health Perspectives, 106 (Supplement 2), 427-440.

  • Zacharewski, T. (1998) Identification and assessment of endocrine disruptors: limitations of in vivo and in vitro assays. Environmental Health Perspectives, 106 (Supplement 2), 577-582. [HTML]

  • Safe, S., Connor, K., Ramamoorthy, K., Moore, M., Wang, F., Mustain, M., Chen, I., Zacharewski, T., Gillesby, B., Joyeaux, A., Balaguer, P., Gaido, K., Leonard, L., Maness, S.C. and McDonnell, D.P. (1998) Estrogenic activity of hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their interactions. In Hormonally Active Agents in Foods (eds. G. Eisenbrand, H. Daniel, A. Dayan, P. Elias, W. Grunow, F. Kemper, E. Loser, M. Metzler, J. Schlatter).
    p 200-207.

  • Connor, K., Howell, J., Safe, S., Chen, I., Liu, I., Berhane, K., Sciarretta, C., Zacharewski, T. (1998) Failure of chloro-S-triazine-derived compounds to induce estrogenic responses in vivo and in vitro. In Triazine Herbicides: Risk Assessment . ACS Symposium Series 683 (eds. L. Ballatine, J. McFarland, D. Hackett). p 424-431.

  • Van den Berg, M., Birnbaum, L., Bosveld, A.T.C., Brunstrom, B., Cook, P., Feeley, M., Giesy, J.P., Hanberg, A., Hasegawa, R., Kennedy, S.W., Kubiak, T., Larsen, J.C., van Leeuwen, F.X.R., Liem, A.K.D., Nolt, C., Peterson, R.E., Poellinger, L., Safe, S., Schrenk, D., Tillitt, D., Tysklind, M., Younes, M., Waern, F., Zacharewski, T. (1998) Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs for humans and wildlife. Environmental Health Perspectives, 106, 775-792.

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